Airplane air brake



June 29, 1948.

Filed Apr-i1 19\I 1947 J. H. GRAY AIRPLANE AIR BRAKE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 HV1/Hum Jojzzff @my Bf A f June 29,1948. l J, H GRAY 2,444,291

l AIRPLANE AIR BRAKE Filed April 19, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 John H Gray f June 29, 1948. ,1. H. GRAY 42,444,291

AIRPLANE 'AIR BRAKE Filed April 19, 1947*l 4 sheds-sheet s June 29, 1948. J. H. GRAY 2,444,291

' AIRPLANE AIR BRAKE Filed April 19, `194'? 4 sheets-sheet. 4

^ INVENTR.

Patented .une 29, 14948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AIRPLANE AIR BRAKE `John H. Gray, Chicago, Ill.

Application April 19, 1947, Serial No. 742,658 "12 Claims. (Cl.`244-113)` My invention relates to airplane air means.

An important object of my invention is to provide means for braking the horizontal movement of an airplane moving in a horizontal direction.

Another object of my invention is to provide braking means which may be variably controlled so as to lower thetail of the plane and, consequently, to raise the nose of the plane to avoid striking obstacles, such as tal-l buildings immediately ahead and in the course or path of travel of the plane.

Another object of my invention is to provide airplane air brake means, consisting of collapsible pouches, supported articulately on each side of the aft fuselage of the plane, being collapsible and foldable so as to be completely concea'led within suitable pockets in the aft fuselage of the said plane when the said pouches are to be set to inoperative position.

Another object of my invention is to provide control means for varying, applying, or setting to operative position either of the saidpouch brakes, or both of the said pouch brakes, to operate simultaneously. When operating either of the said pouches independently, the resultant action will be to produce an angular movement of the plane about its longitudinal axis, permitting .a side or wing thereof to be caused to rise in order to clear a lateral obstruction.

A further object of my invention is to provide brake means which will facilitate the landing of a plane so that, when the braking action is braking effected, it will maintain the nose of the .pl-ane in a horizontal position preventing the same from ydipping downwardly to `strike the ground and cause damage to the plane.

Another object of my invention is to provide pouch means for varying the braking action by varying the wind pressure, or for completely nullifying the air resistance passing through the said pouch means when it is desired to fold the same and retract them to inoperative position.

Another object of my invention is to provide pouches concealed when in inoperative position, and which are brought to operative position rst by actuating means which will open the trap doors of the aft fuselage end ofthe fuselage,

making available `access to the pocket in which` the said pouches are mounted; the motivating means then causing the said pouches to swing out angularly, the pouches simultaneously opening the mouths thereof during the said angular movement.

A further object of my invention is to provide means on the said pouches,.remotely controllable from the operators seat, in order to vary the closures provided at the bottom of the said pouches; consequently, varying the resistance to the air pressures forced through the said pockets during the course of motion or travelv of the plane.

Other objects and ancillary advantages inherent in my invention will become apparent from an examination of thea'ccompanying drawings, bearing further eluciolation in the ensuing description, wherein like symbols are used to designate like parts, and in which:

` Fig. 1 represents, in phantom, the top View of a plane incorporating the structural features of my invention shown in full lines.

Fig.'2 is a front View of Fig. 1 showing the actuation of the tail end of a plane downwardly; consequently, raising the nose of the plane so as to clear an Vobstruction immediately ahead thereof in its path' of travel.

Fig. 3 is a top View similar to Fig. `l showing the construction in enlargement so as to facilitate illustration of the detail components of the pouch construction.

Fig. 4 is a view looking in the direction of the arrows 4-4`of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the lines 5--5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a View looking in the direction of the arrows 6-6 of Fig. 3.

Fig. `7 is a view looking in the direction of the arrows 'l--l of Fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a view looking in the` direction of the arrows 8-8 of Fig. 7. A i

Fig. V9 is a view looking' in the direction of the arrows 9--9 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the lines lll-l0 of Fig. 8.`

Fig. 11 is a View looking in the direction of the arrows `Il-ll of Fig. 8.`

Fig. 12 is a view looking inthe direction of the larrows |2|2 of Fig.`11.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional View taken substantially on the lines I3|3 of Fig. 12.

` Fig. 14 is a view looking in the direction of the arrows lli-.I4 of Fig. 1. f

Fig. 15 is a sectional View taken substantially on the lines I5`I5 of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a view looking in the direction of the arrows I6-I6 of Fig. 4. i

Fig. l'lis a cross-sectional View taken substantially on the lines I'l-I'l of Fig. 16.

Fig. `17a is a view schematically showing how my invention is used to clearI an obstruction to only one wing of a plana Referring to the various views and in Figs. l. and 2, a plane is generally.A designated I8', my invention being generally design-ated 95. The nose of the plane is designated2 I and the tail thereof 22. In Figs. l and 2 it is indicated' now the obstruction 2t may be cleared by lowering the tail 22 of the plane it; consequently, raising the nose 2l thereof .causing it tov travel upwardly to clear the .obstruction 2e, whenever .that situation may occur, especially cndays which are not clear, and which are especially foggy, when a pilot is apt to perceive suddenly the appearance 4of an obstruction or a building 2li.

The airplane air brake means consist primarily of two pouches 29 which operate arti ulatelyk swinging to the open position, or operative position, indicated in Figs.v` 1i and 2 by -l'a'ltelliig approximately an angular; ambit of 90 to` open to operative position, and being .concealable within a pocket 26 lwitliinthe aft fendi' 2-,3 of' .the fuselage of the plane,l Thes'aidpoketf .being closed'by doors :24 and 25, Whih arehingeably secured by suitable brackets A21 and4 A28, 'so as to forma complete .enclosure when'the pouches y28 are folded and positioned therein.,

The pouch structure 29 consists of a mouth portion or structure made up of the arcuately shaped end elements 30 and 3l, which may .be of' tubular construction and which are 'articulately secured at 32. At the Opposite end, the elements 351 and 36 of smaller diametral magnitude may; be tubular, and are also articulately SQClliIdto the rods 3,4 which telescopeinto 'the larger;v 'ections 33.; the last-mentioned sections A33 being articulately connected to the termini'of the arcuatesections 3D and 3 l. Thus, by'n'ieans' ofthei telescopic feature existent in the structural relationship ofthe elements 33 and 3 4. and thefarticulatfe connection thereof to the sections 3.0,` 3J, 35., and 35, the mouth of the DOllgChfS, may be 'collapsed to the position indicated in Fig. "111.

To the mouth structure hereinbefore described, the pouches are attached by ineans' of a series cf loops 59, so as to permit thefsaid pouches to be gathered together in the closed position when the telescopic structure lll/911191' 119.1151 tb.. Shorter; or lengthen'the pouchstructure," the poucl'iV it.- Self beine `made of' a' suitable. Strong, textile material 53 which has, at its top,l ay bowedout reinforcing element 5,4 of tulo r' Construction. or section, secured by means'ofI thelinks 55 soy as to hold the same rigidly.whenmgcrerative position, 'yet permit the same tofcollapse when ,it is desired to conceal it withinthepocket 2li, The links 55 articulately operate at points` 55` and 5l to facilitate collapsing oi pouches '29, A'and also serve the purpose 'of 'maintaining tautly section 53 when pouches are open.' i

' Each pouch is provided with a variable opening 54, which is controlled byjattaching tothe' edge l62 at the bottom end of the 'pouch 29, cable strands 6i so as to bring the portion 60 thereof into closer adjustment with respectfto the Vbowed out reinforcing element 54, thesame being con-` trolled by a cable 13 trainedYo-ver pulleys 'I4 rand trained over suitable pulleys 9 5, toward'a manipulative control, generally designated` l2, which will be presently described.

The cable 1 3 (see Fig. 17) is fitted within the bowed out portion or element` 55 the end 'iii thereof being @chemise t0. a tension Spring 75 the terminus of the saidfspring being secured rmlv at 1l if the 'brse @11i reirforins ,element and guide tube 55. The cable 'i3 is subdivided into a number of smaller strands El, which are, in turn, secured at various points to the edge 62, so that by pulling or relaxing the tension on the cable 13, the edges 62 are both brought in closer proximity to the element 54, or permitted to be moved away therefrom; thus enlarging or reducing the opening @il and permitting a lesserl or greater quantity of air to pass upwlardly therethrough for purposes which will be later' explained,

Figs. 14 and 15 indicate how the adjustment lof the open portion at the bottom of the pouches 2j9is controlled, namely by a winch or pulleywinding mechanism 9i which winds or unwinds therefrom the cable 13', the same being operated when the knoby or handle is manipulated. The saidihandle 85 is secured to a driving gear 3,3. TheV said driving gear 8S rotates about the spindle 90, and is enmeshed with an intermediate pinion 81 pivoted about the stud 88, enmeshing with the internal gear 85 formed internally of the unit l2, so that by rotation of the handle S5 rotating the gear 8&3, rotary motion will be transmitted to the internal gear 86, depending on whether it is clockwise or counterclockwise direction, the cable T3 will be either wound thereon or unwound therefrom, thus actuating the cable 'I3 and its strands il to either enlarge the opening for the escape of air, or to control the same, or ,to completely close the edge 62 against the bowed out reinforcement guide support 511, or to permit the edge 62 to be completely open, as indicated at 63 in Fig. 3, when it is desired to collapse the pouches and to return them within the pocket 25 of the fuselage, at a time when ther same are to be set to inoperative position; thus permitting the air to rush through readily without interfering with the manipulation for closing` and collapsing the pouches 29.

The mechanism for motivating the pouches 29 to operative and inoperative positions consists of a motivating arrangement, see Fig, '7, which is primarily controlled by hydraulic means within the tubular confines 3T, liquid being fed thereto from a suitable source of supply and connected through the inlet 38. The cylinder 31 contains a piston therein 3Q, having an extension dll slidably operative in bottom 52, the extension 4D being secured to the hub-like structure 4l, from which emanate the confining supports 42 and 43, holding therebetween the eyes i8 and 49, which are pivoted at 58 to the ends of rod elements 34. The rods 44 and l5 are articulately secured at 4,6 and at 91 to rods 34 to function in a vertical plane, and also articulately secured at 41 to articulate the assemblage of the opening and closing rods it and l5 inV a horizontal plane; thusy the composite structure of articulation at 4 6- and tl providing a universally actuated joint.

The opening and closing of the pouches simultaneously with their being swung outwardly or inwardly, to operative and inoperative positions respectively, is aided by the motorized units 'i8 andv 'linconnection with the switching means il by actuation of the switch to the proper position, the pointer 92 thereof indicating corresponding positions shown on the dial C, suchas that designated 83, representing the closed position when the dial is actuated, or when the pointer S2 points to the point 83, as indicated in Fig. 14, the motorized equipment 'i8 and I9 will be actuatedinthe direction to cause the capstans 813 thereof to wind up the cable 65, and to pull the pouches inwardly by virtue of the cable E5 being connected to the mouths of the pounohe's with the aid of subdivided strands 86, 6:1, and 68.; The cable d is. trained over pulleys 69 and lll (see Figs. 1 and 6), cable guides S3 being placed Where needed.. The closing of the pouches and theirA retraction.` is eifectuated by the hydraulic means, the cable means is auxiliary structure balancing the operation. l

IThe elements 5M, when actuated by the motorized equipment to open the unit, the motorized equipment being connected to the hydraulic system, causes the piston 3S to travel downwardly simultaneously guiding the eyes 'i8 andl de over the. guide rods 5t and 5i which are rigidly supported, hence causing the rods M and l5 to articulate about the pivot` point @it causing the mouths. of the pouches to open upwardly.; where-- as at the. point of articulation lll., `byl virtue of theyspring. urging action. of. the spring 95,. an im-L petus will' be furnished sov as to startthe moutlr of the pouch outwardly, as indicated in. Figs- 4 and 8; the'arcuate sections dii, 3l, 35, 3d, and the telescopic sections 331 andd causing the expansion and opening of the mouths of the pouches by the aforesaid action of' the hydraulic means. rihere are two motivating or manipulating units l2 so that each pouch may have its air releasing opening independently controlled, whereas the switching means also indicate at variousv points to which the pointer 82 may be set,.at El, namely,` the left pouch will open; at the point du, the right pouch will be opened; at the point 32, both right and left pouches will be opened simultaneously by the motorized means 78 and lil: as heretofore explained. When the switch 92 is set to the` point 83, any one pouch that may be closed or, if both of them are open, they will be simultaneously closed'.

The purpose of the cable structure t5 and the c-apstan 8d is to take up the slack, and sort.` of balance the operation of the hydraulic means duringthe closing or opening of the pouches and, especially, to act as a ballast for the movement or" the pouches kB9 inwardly and" outwardly to inoperative or operative positionsI respectively;

The pipe 38 is also connected to'suitableihye draulic valve control shown at .136 and the switch'- ing means 92 is coordinated so as to actuate the said vali/ain order to provide the movement and power for opening the mouths of the pouches 29 and simultaneously swing them tov operative or inoperativey positions.` l

A plane,` equipped with my invention, whe traveling in a horizontal direction, and it isde-l siredto brake its speed, theopeningsl o-f the pouches. 29' arecompletely closed so that there is' noopening between the edges and the bowed out guide rods ed; i I-Iowevergoin order'to provide a degree of'l-iftto the nose of the plane,V the pouches 29 are set to have the proper dimensioned opening Eilwhich will permit air to striker the bottomportion dil ofthe pouches and cause it toescape throughltheopenings dVthus having the tendency to" plush downwardly onthe` lower. side ofthe pouch, when lookingatl Fig. 1?, and: thus f cause` the* taill 22.' to-be deected downs i wardly; consequently raising the nose 2l so as-'to clear an obstruction. i

Looking at Fig. l, andassuming that the axis ofthe plane were above the axis ofthebuilding or: obstacle 2i), in which event it would'merelyfbe' necessary to clear'the lower: wing of'. the plane I8; By: operating` only the; `upper pouch; 29; without. operation ofi the lower pouch: 219i; the plane;A would.l be'. causedl to` tiltl' the upper'wingf. down'wardlyi` about. the axis or the plane, consequential 'tilting upwardly thief lower wing of' the plane suiiciently to clear the. height of the* obstruction 20, illus'- trated. in. liiguZ.V

v Another' advantage of my construction is that the `action of the pouches 29` may be completely nu'llied when the edges' 62are permitted to be completely opened as in 63, which setting is advantageously, especially when it is desired to manipulate the controls for collapsing the pouches 29;. for concealing them within the pockets 26 of the fuselage; sothat no air resistance will: nnpede the collapsing and; closing oper ation.y

A further advantage of the use of' my pouches is evident when one' considers that, in braking the action or travel `of the plane in landing, the arresting ot speed of. the plane suddenly causes its n'ose to tilt downwardly and, in many' instances, acci'dents have occurred through such sudden. braking action. With lfnyinvention, the nose of theV plane` Will-lie'- maintained an upward. direction, thus' tending to prevent accidents to persons and damage to the plane `resulting from; iftsnose" accidentally striking the surfaceof the landing 'eld.

I. 'believe that 1T- have` herein described, rather succinctly, thel nature' and the operation as well as' the construction of my? invention, so that per sons familiar with the art willl have no difficulty in. grasping the'v teachings andi principles of' my invention and, inasmuch as the same is suscep tible' of. modifications an'di'mprovements, all such: modifications and improvements within the spirit' and scope of my invention are under stood' to be deemed a part" of my invention, or any modications,` alterations impliably suggested or embraced in'` the accompanying drawings, or any that may fall Within the purview of the foregoing claims, and that- I" ami not to be limited or rcstrioted to* theI specific showing and illustration hereinmade a part of the instant application; myfinvention toibe limitedf only by the' subioined or appended-claims.

Havlingi thus disclosed" and revealed my in- Ventron, what I claim asinew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: l

I. Airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontallyon opposedsides of the fuselage of a planeatapointintemnediate thetail andwin-'g portions thereof, controlmeans operable from ar'emoteI point for setting andretracting: optionally-f either ci" the said" pouches to operativefand. inoperative positions, each of the said pouches .beingprovided l with openings adjacent. the. bottom portions thereon.. and adjusting: means` remotely controllable from the operatorfs.I position tol varyf thei air.` braking resistance orf: .the said pouches' from. nullity' to: maximum.

2l Airplane airbrake means comprisingla -palr ofrpouches mountedihorizontallyon opposed sides of the' fuselageofa planeat ai point intermediate the tail. and: wing? portions thereof, hydraulic control means'operable'fnom a remote' point for setting: and: retracting. optionally either ofthe said p'oucl'i'esto operative andiinoperative positions, each; of theV saidr pouches being. provided with openings adjacent thebottomport-ions thereofi. and. adjusting.L means remotely controllable fromftheioperators rvpositionito vary. the :air braking-1 nesistance ofi` the said: pouches from` nullity.

3.2` Airplane. airbrak'e; meansvcomprising; a pair ofipouches mounted? horiontallylon'opposedzsdes oiztfhc fuselage? off aZ planea' at aipolnt: hater-mediate the tail and wing portions thereof, control means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, cable ballast means cooperating with the said control means to reinforce the support ofi-the said pouches in operative position and simultaneously to cushiony the action of the said control means during the setting and retracting movements, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators positionr to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum.

4. Airplane air brake means comprising, a rpair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the fuselage of a plane at a point intermediate the tall and Wing porti-ons thereof, hydraulic control means operable .from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, cable ballast means cooperating with the said control means to reinforce the support of the said pouches in operative position and simultaneously to cushion the action of the said control means during the setting and retracting movements, each of the said pouches being provided With openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to Vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches fromV nullity to maximum.

5. Airplane air brake means comprising, a pair f of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the fuselage of a plane at a point intermediate the tail and wing portions thereof, control -means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches fro-m nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided with collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative With the said control means to be expanded simultaneously With the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously With the retracting operation.

6. Airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the fuselage of a lplane at a point Iintermediate the tail and Wing portions thereof, hydraulic control means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided with collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously with the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously with the retracting operation.

7'. Airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the fuselage of a plane at a point intermediate the tailV and Wing portions thereof, control means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions,

cable ballast means cooperating with the said contrpl means to reinforce the support of the said Ipouches in operative position and simultaneously to cushion the action of the said `control means during the setting and retracting movements, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance ofthe said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided with collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously with the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously with the retracting operation.

8. Airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the fuselage of a plane at a point intermediate the tail and wing portions thereof, hydraulic control means operable from a remote pointfor setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, cable ballast means cooperating with the said control means to reinforce the support of the said pouches in operative position and simultaneously to cushion the action of the said control means during the setting and retracting movements, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided With collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously with the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously With the retracting operation. l

9. An airplane having a fuselage, a concealing pocket in the aft portion thereof, a pair of doors hingedly secured to each side of the said concealing pocket, airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the said fuselage at a point intermediate the tail and Wing portions thereof, control means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided with collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously with the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously with the retracting operation, the said pouches being retractably and releasably confined in the said concealing pocket, the said control means being connected to the said doors eifectuating their instant release to open position as soon as the pouch setting operation is initiated.'

10. An airplane having a fuselage, a concealing pocket in the aft portion thereof, a pair of doors hingedly secured to each side of the said concealing pocket, airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the said fuselage at a point intermediate the tail and Wing portions thereof,

hydraulic means operable from a remote point.,

for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllabie from the cperators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided With collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously with the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously with the retracting operation, the said pouches being retractab-ly and releasably con.- iined in the said concealing pocket, the said control means being connected to the said doors effectuating their instant release to open position as soon as the pouch setting operation is initiated.

ll. An airplane having a fuselage, a concealing pocket in the aft portion thereof, a pair of doors hingedly secured to each side of the said concealing pocket, and airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the said fuselage at a point intermediate the tail and Wing portions thereof, control means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, cable ballast means cooperating with the said control means to reinforce the support of the said pouches in operative position and simultaneously to cushion the action ci the said control means during the setting and retracting movement, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided with collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously with the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously with the retracting operation, the

said pouches being retractably and releasably confined in the said concealing pocket, the said control means being connected to the said doors eiectuating their instant release to open position as soon as the pouch setting operation is initiated.

l2. An airplane having a fuselage, a concealing pocket in the aft portion thereof, a pair of doors hingedly secured to each side of the said concealing pocket, and airplane air brake means comprising, a pair of pouches mounted horizontally on opposed sides of the said fuselage at a point intermediate the tail and wing portions thereof, hydraulic control means operable from a remote point for setting and retracting optionally either of the said pouches to operative and inoperative positions, cable ballast means cooperating with the said control means to reinforce the support of the said pouches in operative position and simultaneously to cushion the action of the said control means during the setting and retracting movements, each of the said pouches being provided with openings adjacent the bottom portions thereof, and adjusting means remotely controllable from the operators position to vary the air braking resistance of the said pouches from nullity to maximum, each of the said pouches being further provided with collapsible mouth means coordinately cooperative with the said control means to be expanded simultaneously With the setting operation and to be collapsed simultaneously with the retracting operation, the said pouches being retractably and releasably confined in the said concealing pocket, the said control means being connected to the said doors eifectuating their instant release to open position as soon as the pouch setting operation is initiated.

JOHN i-I. GRAY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Italy Mar. 3, 1930 Number Number 

